1759 Anglo-Cherokee War
1760-2-1 Long Canes Massacre
Creek - Maps
Creek - Battle Info
1st Battle of Echoee
Montgomerie-Col. Archibald (Brit)
Cherokee Registry
Battle of Echoe
By Julie Szabo, April 23, 2007
1. Battle of Echoe Marker
Map 1: Montgomery arrived in Charleston on April 1, 1760. The troops reached Fort Prince George on June 2. Time was important since British-held Fort Loundoun, on the Tennessee River, was under close attack by the Indians. Montgomery marched on June 24, en route to the Middle Towns (situated in this valley). His force, swelled by provincial militia, numbered 1600. Montgomery believed that the destruction of the Middle Towns would bring the Indians to terms. The expedition followed the Cherokee Trading Path across the Keowee and Oconee Rivers. At 4am on June 27 the troops crossed Rabun Gap and
By Julie Szabo, April 23, 2007
2. Closeup of Maps on Marker
Map 2: At 10am June 27, the Army's advance guard entered a narrow pass between a range of mountains on the left and low hills on the right, partially encircled by the river. This was the setting for Montgomery's defeat, for the Indians led by Chief Occonostota, attacked the column on both sides, forcing it back. Montgomery sent the Provincial Rangers into the fight, while the Royal Scots moved to the hills on the right. The Highlanders went to the mountains on the left. Under this pressure the Indians withdrew to the mountains. After four hours of fighting the British continued their march, fording the river north of the battlefield.
Montgomery's baggage train, left to shift for itself and guarded by only 100 men, was saved after heavy fighting.
The army reached Echoe, but left after a day for Fort Prince George. Montgomery's reasons for the retreat were (1) the mountains before him were "impassable," and (2) a forward movement would have forced him to abandon to the Indians his sick and wounded.
Reaching Fort Prince George on July 1, Montgomery had suffered nearly 100 casualties and had gained nothing. Fort Loudoun was surrendered to the Indians on August 9. Montgomery's Expedition provided one of the few occasions when the Cherokee were able to defeat a British colonial army.
In the next year, June 10, 1761, the Cherokee were defeated by a 2800-man expedition under Colonel James Grant, Montgomery's second-in-command. This Second Battle of Echoe, fought two miles southeast of the 1760 battlefield, marked the beginning of a long series of reverses from which the Cherokee never recovered.
Siege of Fort Loudoun
Siege of Fort Prince George
2nd Battle of Echoee
Grant-LTC James (Brit)
From Wikivisually:
Battle
At some five miles from Etchoe, the lowest town in the Cherokee's middle settlements, Montgomerie's advanced guard of a company of Rangers was ambushed in a deep valley. Captain Morrison and a number of his Rangers were killed. Many of the Cherokee were armed with rifles which had a longer and more accurate range than the muskets the British fought with.[12] While accounts tell of the Indians making aimed shots, the British blazed away with ineffective platoon fire. Indian accounts speak of the British standing in 'heaps' and being shot down like turkeys, the Rangers especially performed badly, with Lieutenant Grant reporting that some fifty deserted before the march and the rest ran off when Morrison was killed.[13]
The Grenadier and the Light infantry companies moved forward to support the Rangers while the Royal Scots came forward on rising ground to the right of the Cherokee, the Royal Scots were thrown back into open ground by heavy rifle fire and it took some time to reform and fight off the Cherokee counter-attack. Montgomerie now extended his line on the left with the Highlanders, who turned the Indian right, the Indians retired from this advance and came into contact with the Royal Scots in a brisk encounter from which they retreated to a position on a hill from which they could not be dislodged. Montgomerie ordered an advance through the pass and on to the town, but some of the Cherokee ran to warn the inhabitants to leave, some of the warriors had got around his flanks and attacked his pack animals and supply train whose loss would cripple the army. This attack was eventually driven off.[14]
Montgomerie found himself with a large number of seriously wounded men which he could neither leave behind if he advanced or retreated, he also lost many of his pack animals so that it was impossible to proceed any farther.[15] He had to abandon the advance along with a large quantity of supplies in order to provide pack horses to transport the wounded to safety, the British force retreated back to Fort Prince George. Montgomerie turned over supplies to the fort and left his most badly wounded, he then continued his withdrawal to Charleston. While his expedition was partially successful in destroying the Cherokee Lower Towns and relieving Fort Prince George, he had been halted and forced to withdraw at the Middle Towns and failed to relieve Fort Loudoun. By August he and his men sailed back to New York.
Aftermath
The failure to relieve Fort Loudon forced the garrison to surrender with Captain Demeré and the garrison allowed to retain their arms and enough ammunition to make the trip back to the colony provided they left the remaining arms and stores of ammunition to the Cherokee led by Ostenaco. Its garrison marched out of the fort on August 9 with a Cherokee escort, the Indians entered the fort and found 10 bags of powder and ball buried and the cannon and small arms thrown in the river to keep them from the Cherokee. The Indians, angered by the broken agreement, went after the garrison,[16] the next morning the escort had drifted off and the garrison was attacked in the woods by perhaps 700 Indians.[17] Some 22 soldiers, equal to the number of Cherokee chief hostages killed at Fort Prince George, and 3 civilians were killed and 120 taken prisoners. Panic and consternation reigned in Charleston at the news. A truce of six months was agreed to during which peace attempts failed.
After a difficult winter for the Cherokee due to the loss of the Lower Towns' harvest and shortage of ammunition for hunting, as well as disease, Cherokee morale still remained high. However, Amherst had determined to launch a greater invasion of the Cherokee lands "to chastise the Cherokees [and] reduce them to the absolute necessity of suing for pardon,". James Grant was now in command with more regulars: the 1st, 17th and 22nd Regiments, a war-party of Mohawks and Stockbridge Indian scouts, Catawba and Chickasaw warriors; a large number of provincials under Colonel Middleton that included several who would gain fame during the American Revolution: William Moultrie, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney and Francis Marion and rangers. His force was more than 2,800 strong[18] and they were prepared for an extended campaign in the mountain and forest terrain with a supply train a mile long made up of 600 packhorses carrying a month's provisions and a large herd of cattle managed by a few score slaves.
Grant would be met by 1,000 Cherokee warriors on June 10, 1761, near the site of the previous battle of Echoee, the Indians again ambushed the column and this time concentrated on killing the pack animals. After six hours of long range skirmishing the Cherokee exhausted their limited ammunition and withdrew. Grant's force then proceeded to burn the fifteen Middle Towns and all the crops. Grant expressly ordered the troops to summarily execute any Indian man, woman or child they captured. Although, by July, Grant had marched his men to exhaustion with 300 too sick to walk, he had wrecked the Cherokee economy and made 4,000 inhabitants of the Middle Towns homeless and starving; in August 1761 the Cherokee sued for peace.[19] As a result of the war, Cherokee warrior strength estimated at 2,590 before the war in 1755[20]was now reduced by battle, Smallpox and starvation to 2,300.[21]
References
- ^ South Carolina Gazette, 5–12 July 1760.
- ^ a b Drake, p. 377.
- ^ Anderson, William, "Etchoe, Battle of", Encyclopedia of North Carolina, William S. Powell, ed., (UNC Press 2006).
- ^ Conley, Robert J..The Cherokee Nation: A History, University of New Mexico Press, 2005, ISBN 978-0-8263-3236-3, p. 46.
- ^ Mooney, p. 41.
- ^ Mooney, p. 42, Conley, p. 47.
- ^ Anderson, p. 460.
- ^ Conley, p. 47.
- ^ Oliphant, p. 113. Hatley gives 1,200, p. 131.
- ^ Woodward, p. 74, Drake, p. 376, Fortescue, p. 400.
- ^ Anderson, p. 462, Keenan. p. 40.
- ^ Woodward, p. 75, Hatley, p. 131.
- ^ Hatley, p. 131.
- ^ Oliphant, pp. 130–131.
- ^ Anderson, p. 463.
- ^ Conley, p. 52.
- ^ Anderson, p. 464.
- ^ Anderson, p. 466.
- ^ Anderson, pp. 466–467.
- ^ Mooney, p. 39, 2,590 in 1755; 5,000 in 1739 before the great smallpox epidemic.
- ^ Mooney, p. 45.
Bibliography
| Library resources about Battle of Echoee |
- Anderson, Fred. Crucible of War: The Seven Years’ War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754–1766. New York: Knopf, 2000. ISBN 0-375-40642-5.
- Conley, Robert J..The Cherokee Nation: A History. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2005, ISBN 978-0-8263-3236-3.
- Drake, Samuel Gardner. Biography and history of the Indians of North America, Boston, MDCCCLI.
- Fortescue J. W.. A History of the British Army. London: Macmillan, 1899, Vol. II.
- Hatley, Thomas. The Dividing Paths: Cherokees and South Carolinians through the Era of Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
- Mooney, James. Myths of the Cherokee and Sacred Formulas of the Cherokee. Nashville, Tenn.: Charles and Randy Elder-Booksellers, 1982.
- Oliphant, John. Peace and War on the Anglo-Cherokee Frontier, 1756–63. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.
- Stewart, David, Major General. Sketches of the character, manners, and present state of the Highlanders, Vols 1 & 2. Edinburgh, 1825.
- Tortora, Daniel J. Carolina in Crisis: Cherokees, Colonists, and Slaves in the American Southeast, 1756–1763. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015. ISBN 1-469-62122-3.
- Woodward, Grace Steele.The Cherokees. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963. ISBN 0-8061-1815-6.
Google Books: Christopher Gadsden & Henry Laurens
PC Kindle: The Life of Francis Marion (p. 40-50)
1. Part of the 1759 mission with Lytellton as part of brothers Cavalry troop (p. 34)
2. 1760 - unclear whether Marion took part (p. 38)
3. Description of the 1760 campaign
At the time of Montgomery's invasion they had no less than sixty-four towns and villages. In an emergency, they could send six thousand warriors into the field. Many of these were armed with the weapons of European warfare—were accustomed to that warfare, and were thus doubly prepared to encounter the enemy in whose ranks they had received their best military lessons. Such a force very far exceeded that of the Carolinians. Mustering but two thousand men, Col. Montgomery found it advisable to urge his march upon the nation with equal celerity and caution. Having reached a place called Twelve-mile River, within twenty miles of the Indian town of Estatoee, he advanced by night upon it, secretly, and with a view to its surprise. In his march, surrounding the town of Little Keowee, not a warrior of the Cherokees escaped the sword. His success was less complete at Estatoee. The Indians, apprised of his approach, with few exceptions, succeeded in making their escape; but the town, consisting of more than two hundred houses, and well stored with corn, hogs, poultry and ammunition, perished in the flames. Shugaw Town and every other settlement in the "Lower Nation", shared the same fate. The lightning-like rapidity of the march had taken the savages everywhere, in this part of the country, by surprise. They fled rather than fought, and while they lost everything in the shape of property, but few of them were slain.
They sought for shelter among their more numerous and better protected brethren of the mountains; a people neither so easily approached, nor so easily overcome. Montgomery, having finished this part of his work so successfully, hurried on to the relief of Fort Prince George, which, from the time when their Chiefs were so cruelly butchered within its walls, had been closely invested by a formidable force of Cherokees. The fort was relieved. The Indians fled at his approach; and, thinking that the severe chastisement which he had inflicted upon them, had inclined their hearts to peace, the General of the Carolinians paused in his progress, to give them an opportunity to sue for it, as the former friends and allies of the English.
But he had mistaken the stubborn nature of his foe. They were not sufficiently humbled, and it was resolved to march upon the "middle settlements". To this task, that which had been performed was comparatively easy. They were now to enter upon a different country, where the Indians were better prepared for them—nay, where they HAD prepared for them,—in all probability, to the neglect of the lower towns. Toilsome and full of peril was this march. Dismal and dense was the wilderness which they were now to penetrate. Rugged paths, narrow passes, gloomy thickets and dark ravines, encountered them in their hourly progress, calling for constant vigilance and the maintenance of all their courage.
Rivers, fordable in unfrequent places and overlooked by precipitous banks on either side, crowned most commonly by dense and intricate masses of forest, through which and without a guide, our little army was compelled to pass,—presented opportunities for frequent ambush and attack, in which, very inferior forces, if properly commanded, might, with little danger to themselves, overwhelm and utterly destroy an advancing enemy. It was in such a region that the Cherokees made their first and formidable stand. Within five miles of Etchoee, the nearest town of the middle settlements, the army of Montgomery approached a low valley, clothed with a thicket so dense that the soldiers could scarcely discern objects three paces ahead.
Through this thicket ran a muddy river, enclosed between steep banks of clay. This passage, where but few men could act in unison, was that through which it became necessary that the army should proceed. It was the very spot, which, over all others, a sagacious warrior would choose in which to place an ambush, or meet a superior assailant. Montgomery knew his enemy, and prepared for the encounter. Captain Morrison, commanding a company of rangers, native marksmen and well acquainted with the forest—was sent forward to scour the thicket. His advance was the signal for battle. Scarcely had he entered upon the dismal passage when the savages rose from their hiding-places and poured in a severe fire. Morrison, with several of his men, perished at the first discharge. They were sustained by the light Infantry and Grenadiers, who boldly advanced upon the wood in the face of the invisible foe.
A heavy fire followed on both sides, the Cherokees, each with his eye upon his man, the Carolinians aiming at the flash of the enemy's guns. The pass was disputed by the savages with a degree of conduct and courage, which left the issue doubtful. The necessity was apparent for extraordinary effort.
The Royal Scots, who were in the rear, were now pushed forward to take possession of a rising ground on the right, while the Highlanders were marched forward to the immediate support of the Infantry and Grenadiers. This movement had the effect of bringing the enemy into close action. The bayonet stirred and laid bare the thicket. The woods resounded with the shouts and yells of the Cherokees, but they no longer fell with terror upon the ear of the whites. They had grown familiar. The savages yielded slowly as the bayonet advanced. Suffering severely as they fled, they yet displayed the native obstinacy of their race,—turning upon the pursuer when they could, availing themselves of tree or thicket to retard, by shot or stroke, the assailants; and, even in flight, only so far keeping ahead of the bayonet as to avoid its stroke.
As he beheld this, Montgomery changed the head of his army, and advanced upon the town of Etchoee, which it had been their purpose to defend, and from which they now strove to divert him. This movement alarmed them for their wives and children. Their retreat became a flight; and, satisfied with having inflicted upon them this measure of punishment, the British General prepared to march back to Fort Prince George. This decision was the result of his exigencies. The situation of his army was neither a safe nor an agreeable one. The victory was with the Carolinians, yet the affair was very far from decisive in its consequences. The enemy had only retired from one advantageous position to another. They waited his approach only to renew a conflict in which even victory might be without its fruits. To gain a battle, unless a final one, was, with a force so small as his, a matter of very doubtful advantage. He was already encumbered with his wounded, to furnish horses for whom, he was compelled to discard, and to destroy, a large quantity of the provisions necessary for the army.
What remained was measured with a nice reference to their absolute wants on the return march to Prince George. Under these suggestions of prudence the retreat was begun. It was conducted with admirable regularity. The Cherokees, meanwhile, hung upon the retiring footsteps of the invaders, annoying them to the utmost of their power. Sixty miles of mountainous country were traversed in this manner, and under various hardships, with a skill and intrepidity which confer the highest credit upon the English captain. A large train of wounded was brought to the frontier without the loss of a man.
We have admitted an uncertainty as to the presence of Marion in this campaign. It would be impertinent and idle, therefore, to speculate . . .
The Cherokees were very far from being subdued or satisfied. The snake had been "scotched not killed", and stung, rather than humbled by the chastisement they received, they prepared to assume the offensive with sudden vigor. Concentrating a numerous force upon the distant garrison of Fort Loudon, on the Tennessee river, they succeeded in reducing it by famine. Here they took bloody revenge for the massacre of their chiefs at Prince George. The garrison was butchered, after a formal surrender upon terms which guaranteed them protection. This wholesale and vindictive barbarity, while it betrayed the spirit which filled the savages, had the still farther effect of encouraging them in a warfare which had so far gratified very equally their appetites for blood and booty. In addition to this natural effect, the result of their own wild passions, there were other influences, from without, at work among them. Certain French emissaries had crept into their towns and were busily engaged, with bribes and arguments, in stimulating them to continued warfare. This, in all probability, was the secret influence, which, over all, kept them from listening, as well to their own fears, as to the urgent suggestions of the British authorities, for peace.
. . . At a great meeting of the nation, at which Louis Latinac was present, he, with something of their own manner, seizing suddenly upon a hatchet, struck it violently into a block of wood, exclaiming, as he did so, "Who is the warrior that will take this up for the king of France?" Salouee, a young chief of Estatoee, instantly tore the weapon from the tree. He declared himself for instant and continued war. "The spirits of our slain brothers," was his cry, "call upon us to avenge their massacre. He is a woman that dares not follow me!" Such being the spirit of the savages, the Carolinians had no alternative but to resume . . .
. . . Col. Montgomery having gone to England, the command devolved upon Colonel Grant, and the Highlanders were once more ordered to the relief of the province. The Carolinians were now somewhat better prepared to cooperate with their allies. A native regiment of twelve hundred men was raised, and the command given to Col. Middleton, a brave and accomplished provincial officer. To this regiment Marion was attached, under the immediate command of Moultrie. Many of his associates in this Cherokee war became subsequently, like himself, distinguished in the war with Great Britain. Among these may be mentioned the names of Moultrie, Henry Laurens, Andrew Pickens and Isaac Huger. . . .
To the united forces of Colonels Grant and Middleton, were added a certain number of Chickasaw and Catawba Indians; making a total of twenty-six hundred men. This army reached Fort Prince George on the 29th of May, 1761. On the 7th of June following, it took up the line of march for the enemy's country. The advance was conducted with caution, but without molestation, until it reached the place where Montgomery, in the previous campaign, had encountered the Indians, near the town of Etchoee. Here the Cherokees were again prepared to make a stand, and to dispute a pass which, above all others, seemed to be admirably designed by nature for the purposes of defence. Their position was not exactly what it had been on the previous occasion, but its characteristic advantages were the same. Hitherto, the Indians had shown considerable judgment in the selection of their battle-grounds, and in the general employment of their strength. . . . The fact is not recorded by the historian, but there is no reason to suppose that the officers who counselled the war, would withhold themselves when the opportunity offered, from giving directions in the field. The French had frequently distinguished themselves, by leading on forces entirely composed of Indians. The practice was common. Even at the defeat of Braddock, the French troops bore but a small proportion to their Indian allies. There is no reason to suppose that Louis Latinac was not present at one or both of the bloody fields of Etchoee.
The provincial army marched in good order upon the suspected position. The Indian auxiliaries, who were in the van, first discovered signs of an enemy. The Cherokees were in possession of a hill, strongly posted, and in considerable force, upon the right flank of the army. Finding themselves discovered, they opened their fire upon the advanced guard, and followed it up with a gallant charge. But the van being vigorously and promptly supported, they were driven back, and resumed their position upon the hill. Under this hill the line of march lay for a considerable distance. To attempt, therefore, to continue the march before dislodging the enemy in possession of it, would be to expose the troops to a protracted fire, the more murderous, as it would be delivered by a foe in a position of perfect security. The advanced guard was ordered upon this duty, and from this body a forlorn-hope of thirty men was chosen, to force the perilous entrance to the foe.
The command . . . was assigned to Francis Marion, still a lieutenant under the command of Moultrie, in the provincial regiment of Middleton. The ascent of the hill was by means of a gloomy defile, through which the little band, headed gallantly by their leader, advanced with due rapidity; a considerable body of the army moving forward at the same time in support of the advance. Scarcely had the detachment penetrated the defile, when the war-whoop gave the signal. The savages, still concealed, poured in a deadly fire, by which no less than twenty-one of this fated band were prostrated.* Fortunately their leader was not among them. He seems, like Washington, to have been the special care of Providence. The residue were only saved from destruction by the proximity of the advance, whose hurried approach, while giving them safety, brought on the main action. The battle was fought with great carnage on both sides. The Cherokees were not only well posted, but they were in great numbers.
Repeatedly dislodged by the bayonet, they as repeatedly returned to the attack; and, driven from one quarter, rallied upon another, with a tenacious and unshaken valor becoming in men who were defending the passes to the bosom of their country. From eight in the morning until noon, the fight was continued, not only without intermission, but seemingly without any decisive results on either side. But, at length, the patient resolution of the whites prevailed; and, about two o'clock in the day, the field was yielded by the reluctant Cherokees to their superior foes. This victory determined the fate of Etchoee, a town of considerable size, which was reduced to ashes.
The result of this fierce engagement seems to have broken the spirit of the nation. They had chosen the position of greatest strength to make their stand, and brought to the struggle their . . .
--------------------
Grant 1761 Campaign 2nd Battle of Echoee
1761-62 - He arrived in South Carolina with five large transports from New York under the
convoy of the Nightinggale commanded by Captain Campbell. Commanded British regulars
and Carolina militia in South Carolina against Cherokees. Attakullakulla, the Little Carpenter,
gave Grant the name "the Corn Puller" for his part in this campaign. Grant commanded a
British force of over 2,800 soldiers. They burned the Cherokee towns at Cowee and
Tuckaseegee. His army included Carolina Provincials, a battalion of Royal Scotts, 400
rangers, 240 wagoneers, a score of Catawba and Chickasaw scouts, six Mohawk warriors
and 81 black slaves. On June 10 a battle took place before Cowee Mountain. After the battle
they destroyed the towns of Stickoee, Kithuwa, Tuckareetchee and Tesuntee. Lt. Francis Marion (the Swamp Fox of the American Revolution) reported: "We proceeded, by Col.
Grant's orders, to burn the Indian cabins. Some of the men seemed to enjoy this cruel work,
laughing heartily at the curling flames, but to me appeared a shocking sight. But when we
came, according to orders, to cut down the fields of corn, I could scarcely refrain from tears.
Who, without grief, could see...the staff of life sink under our swords with all their precious
load, to wither and rot untasted in their mourning fields?" Andrew Pickens a South Carolina
officer called it "british cruelty which I always abhorred." Another officer who served with Col
Grant was William Moultrie of Revolutionary War fame and brother of John Moultrie, the
soon to be Lieut Governor of Florida. After the action against the Cherokees he was sent to
take possession of the Island of St. Lucia. He would return to this place during the
Revolutionary War. (For newspaper dispaches of the campaign)Journal Excerpt"12th and 13th. We halted. The corn by the Town was destroyed, partys were sent out to
burn the scattered houses and to pull up beans, peas and corn and to demolish every eatable
thing in the country. The Indians with one of our partys destroyed the new Towns of Neowee
and Camonga, one of them settled by the people who formerly lived at Etchoe, the other by
some of the inhabitants of the lower towns.
A scout of our Indians killed a Cherokee and wounded another at Ayoree ; a poor miserable
squaw was brought in from Tassee and put to death in the Indian camp by one of the
Catawbaws.
14th. The Lower Chickesaws, about 20, tired of the service or thinking we should get into a
scrape, declined going further and went down the country. We marched to Wattagui,
destroyed that Town and the corn about it and so proceeded to Ayoree.
15th. We halted and sent partys to burn and destray all the plantations which could be found
in the country.
The troops were reduced to twelve ounces of flour that we might be able to remain in the
Indian country long"
convoy of the Nightinggale commanded by Captain Campbell. Commanded British regulars
and Carolina militia in South Carolina against Cherokees. Attakullakulla, the Little Carpenter,
gave Grant the name "the Corn Puller" for his part in this campaign. Grant commanded a
British force of over 2,800 soldiers. They burned the Cherokee towns at Cowee and
Tuckaseegee. His army included Carolina Provincials, a battalion of Royal Scotts, 400
rangers, 240 wagoneers, a score of Catawba and Chickasaw scouts, six Mohawk warriors
and 81 black slaves. On June 10 a battle took place before Cowee Mountain. After the battle
they destroyed the towns of Stickoee, Kithuwa, Tuckareetchee and Tesuntee. Lt. Francis Marion (the Swamp Fox of the American Revolution) reported: "We proceeded, by Col.
Grant's orders, to burn the Indian cabins. Some of the men seemed to enjoy this cruel work,
laughing heartily at the curling flames, but to me appeared a shocking sight. But when we
came, according to orders, to cut down the fields of corn, I could scarcely refrain from tears.
Who, without grief, could see...the staff of life sink under our swords with all their precious
load, to wither and rot untasted in their mourning fields?" Andrew Pickens a South Carolina
officer called it "british cruelty which I always abhorred." Another officer who served with Col
Grant was William Moultrie of Revolutionary War fame and brother of John Moultrie, the
soon to be Lieut Governor of Florida. After the action against the Cherokees he was sent to
take possession of the Island of St. Lucia. He would return to this place during the
Revolutionary War. (For newspaper dispaches of the campaign)Journal Excerpt"12th and 13th. We halted. The corn by the Town was destroyed, partys were sent out to
burn the scattered houses and to pull up beans, peas and corn and to demolish every eatable
thing in the country. The Indians with one of our partys destroyed the new Towns of Neowee
and Camonga, one of them settled by the people who formerly lived at Etchoe, the other by
some of the inhabitants of the lower towns.
A scout of our Indians killed a Cherokee and wounded another at Ayoree ; a poor miserable
squaw was brought in from Tassee and put to death in the Indian camp by one of the
Catawbaws.
14th. The Lower Chickesaws, about 20, tired of the service or thinking we should get into a
scrape, declined going further and went down the country. We marched to Wattagui,
destroyed that Town and the corn about it and so proceeded to Ayoree.
15th. We halted and sent partys to burn and destray all the plantations which could be found
in the country.
The troops were reduced to twelve ounces of flour that we might be able to remain in the
Indian country long"
Notes From Patriot & Indians"
Only a smattering of Rangers and colonial foot soldiers turned out for the 1760 campaign. For the 1761 campaign, about 1,200 colonists joined to swell the British force to 2800
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